3.3.4. Gentpro

3.3.4.1. Description
3.3.4.2. Processing Order
3.3.4.3. Files and Environment Variables

3.3.4.1. Description

The Gentpro program estimates emissions temporal profiles for residential wood combustion (RWC), agricultural ammonia (RC_NH3), livestock ammonia (BASH_NH3) or generic area sources by relating meteorology to air emission fluxes. Gentpro reads in hourly gridded meteorology data from the Meteorology-Chemistry Interface Processor (MCIP) and a gridded spatial surrogate (commonly used in SMOKE) to produce temporal profiles and cross-reference data in a comma separated value (CSV) format and/or a temporal data binary netCDF file. Annual MCIP input data are required to calculate temporal profiles with Gentpro. Spatial surrogate(s) are used to identify the grid cells for computing county averaged meteorology variables.

Gentpro provides an option to specify a profile method [PROFILE_METHOD], which can be set to generate RWC, BASH_NH3, RC_HNH3, or generic meteorology-based temporal profiles. the RWC, BASH_NH3 and RC_NH3 temporal profiles are based on algorithms described by Adelman (2009 and 2010), Mansell et al. (2000), and Bash et al. (2012) respectively, while the MET profiles can ben generated from any user-selected meteorology variable. The RWC profile method produces county-specific daily temporal profiles to convert annual or monthly inventories to daily emissions estimates. Diurnal profiles must then be applied to estimate hourly RWC emissions from the daily estimates. Gentpro provides the option to aggregate the daily RWC profiles to month-of-year profiles as well, which can be used to compute monthly inventory estimates from annual inventory data. The BASH_NH3 and RC_NH3 profile methods produce county-specific hourly temporal profiles to convert annual, monthly, or daily inventories to hourly emissions estimates. Gentpro provides the option to aggregate the hourly profiles to day-of-year or month-of-year profiles as well. The MET profile method represents time series of a selected meteorology variable as a temporal profile and can be used to convert annual, monthly, or daily inventories to hourly emissions estimates. Gentpro also provides the option to aggregate the hourly MET profiles to day-of-year or month-of-year profiles. All of the Gentpro profile options create temporal cross-reference files that associate county FIPS codes in a modeling domain to the new profiles.

[1] RWC

A regression equation relating observed daily minimum temperatures and chemical tracers of wood combustion was developed using data from sites in the Pacific Northwest of the United States (Adelman, 2009; Adelman, 2010). The sites selected to develop the algorithm were screened to be representative of RWC activities. Equation (1) uses estimates of daily PM2.5 emissions to build either annual-to-daily or annual-to-monthly emission profiles for application to RWC sources. The algorithm uses county average daily or monthly minimum temperatures to estimate the percentage of RWC emissions allocated to each day or month of the year. Gentpro includes a temperature threshold setting to limit RWC emissions from allocated to days too warm to have much (if any) RWC emissions. A temperature threshold (Tt) variable is implemented in Gentpro to allow users to set a maximum temperature cutoff by either state or county. By default, Gentpro estimates RWC emissions at temperatures below 50°F. If the temperature threshold variable is set in the Gentpro script, RWC emissions will be activated below Tt. A look-up table of state/county FIPs codes and temperatures (°F) can be input to Gentpro to set several different temperature thresholds across a modeling domain. The purpose of using the temperature threshold override is to control when RWC emissions are activated in regions where the 50°F cutoff may not be appropriate. For example, counties in southern Florida may only experience one or two days in an entire year when the minimum temperature dips below 50°F. Without using the threshold override, all of the RWC emissions for these counties will be allocated to these one or two days, producing large emissions spikes that may not be realistic. By increasing the temperature threshold, these spikes can be avoided by activating the RWC algorithm on other days. The outputs from this algorithm are temporal profiles that convert annual or monthly RWC inventories to daily emissions for every county in the modeling domain.

Two alternative RWC temporal profile algorithms are implemented in Gentpro. Equation 1 below shows the algorithm developed from the Pacific Northwest Sites described by Adelman (2009; 2010).

The second RWC temporal algorithm is an ad hoc approximation of the original equation that broadens its application by removing the intercept term. By removing the intercept term, Equation 2 below will not produce negative emissions when the temperature threshold is increased above 53.3°F.

The alternate RWC algorithms can be selected using RWC_ALT_EQ_YN listed below. When RWC_ALT_EQ_YN = N, Equation 1 will be used to calculate RWC temporal profiles.

  1. Original RWC Algorithm developed by Adelman (2009;2010)

    When Ti,d is equal or less than 50°F,

    PEi,d = (42.12 - 0.79 x Ti,d) / Sum (42.12 - 0.79 x Ti,d)

    When Ti,d is greater than Tt,

    PEi,d = 0.0

    When Ti,d is greater than 50°F and Ti,d is less than Tt,

    PEi,d = (42.12 - 0.79 x 50) / Sum (42.12 - 0.79 x 50)

  2. Alternative RWC Algorithm

    When Ti,d is equal or greater than Tt,

    PEi,d = 0.0

    When Ti,d is less than Tt,

    PEi,d = [0.79 x (Ti,t - Ti,d)] / Sum [0.79 x (Ti,t - Ti,d)]

where

  • PEi,d = Percentage of emissions in county i on day d
  • Ti,d = Daily minimum ambient temperature (°F) in county i on day d
  • Ti,t = Daily threshold ambient temperature (°F) in county i
  • Tt = Daily threshold ambient temperature (default = 50°F)
  • Note: Ti,m can be replaced by monthly minimum ambient temperature in county i on month m

[2] NH3

Two NH3 profile methods are implemented in Gentpro to estimate hourly temporal allocation factors, which are output as temporal profiles to convert annual, monthly, or daily livestock ammonia inventories to hourly emissions for every county in the modeling domain. Gentpro can output hour-of-month and hour-of-year temporal profiles that can be input to the Temporal. The recommended application of the BASH_NH3 and RC_NH3 profile methods are to convert monthly agricultural ammonia inventories to hourly emissions.

  1. RC_NH3 profile method: Russell and Cass (1986) developed a theoretical equation based on investigations of NH3 emissions from animal waste decomposition conducted by Muck and Steenhuis (1982) to predict diurnal NH3 emission variations as a function of daily meteorology. The Russell and Cass equation (a.k.a RC_METHOD) listed below is adapted for this application to use county average meteorology and implemented in Gentpro to estimate hourly emissions from county annual, monthly, or daily agricultural livestock NH3 inventories.

    Ei,h = [2.36(Ti,h-273)/10] x Vi,h

  2. BASH_NH3 profile method: Zhu, Henze, et al. (2013) developed an empirical equation based on observations from the TES instrument with the GEOS-Chem model and its adjoint to estimate diurnal NH3 emission variations from livestocks as a function of ambient temperature and aerodynamic resistance meteorological variable. The equation is listed below.

    Ei,h = [161500/Ti,h x e(-1380/Ti,h)] x ARi,h

  • PEi,h = Ei,h / Sum(Ei,h)

where

  • PEi,h = Percentage of emissions in county i on hour h
  • Ei,h = Emission rate in county i on hour h
  • Ti,h = Ambient temperature (Kelvin) in county i on hour h
  • Vi,h = Wind speed (meter/sec) in county i (minimum wind speed is 0.1 meter/sec)
  • ARi,h = Aerodynamic resistance in county i

[3] MET: Generic Meteorology Profile Algorithm

This is a simple algorithm that computes the percentage of emissions to allocate to each hour based on the hourly fractional contribution of a selected meteorology variable relative to the annual, monthly, and daily sum of all hourly values for that variable. While the fractional contribution of county-average wind speed for each hour of the year is somewhat meaningless, it does provide a way to build a time series that can be applied to an annual/monthly inventory to estimate hourly values using monthly, daily and/or hourly MET profiles.

  1. PEi,h = mi,h / Sum(mi,h)

where

  • PEi,h = Percentage of emissions in county i on hour h
  • mi,h = Meteorology variable in county i on hour h

[Reference]

Adelman, Z. (2010) 'Proposal: Estimating Temporal Profiles for Residential Wood Combustion Emissions', Prepared for U.S. EPA, OAQPS, Research Triangle Park, NC under Contract No. EP-D-07-102 Assignment No. 3-07 (M. Houyoux, WAM) by UNC, Chapel Hill, NC.

Adelman, Z. (2009) 'Technical Memo: Emissions Modeling Improvements Task 2 – Temporal Allocation for Residential Wood Combustion', Prepared for U.S. EPA, OAQPS, Research Triangle Park, NC under Contract No. EP-D-07-102 Assignment No. 2-13 (M. Houyoux, WAM) by UNC, Chapel Hill, NC.

Mansell, G, S. Kemball-Cook, L. Ma (2009) 'Draft Report: Temporal Allocation of Agricultural Ammonia Emissions', Prepared for U.S. EPA, OAQPS, Research Triangle Park, NC under Contract No. EP-D-07-102 Assignment No. 2-13 (M. Houyoux, WAM) by ENVIRON, Novato, CA.

Muck, R.E., and T.S. Steenhuis (1982) 'Nitrogen Losses from Manure', Agricultural Wastes, 4: 41-54.

Russell, A.G. and G.R. Cass (1986) 'Verification of a Mathematical Model for Aerosol Nitrate and Nitric Acid Formation and Its Use for Control Measure Evaluation', Atmospheric Environment, 20: 2011-2025.

Zue, Henze, et al (2013) 'Constraining U.S. Ammonia Emissions using TES Remote Sensing Observations and the GEOS-Chem adjoint model', Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118: 1-14.

3.3.4.2. Processing Order

This optional program must run prior to Temporal.

3.3.4.3. Files and Environment Variables

Figure 3.1. Gentpro input and output files

Gentpro input and output files
3.3.4.3.1. Input Files
File Name Format Description
COSTCY ASCII Five digit code for country, state and county
GEOCODE_LEVEL[1-4] ASCII Geographical level codes and descriptions for gridded inventories, only when USE_EXP_GEO_CODES is set to Y, (COSTCY is ignored when Section 6.10.3, “GEOCODE_LEVEL[1-4]: Geographical Input Files files are used)
GRIDDESC ASCII Grid descriptions file that defines the output grid for the output surrogates file created by the program. It must include the name of the grid set by the IOAPI_GRIDNAME _1 environment variable setting.
METLIST ASCII A list of meteorology files containing temperature, mixing ratio, and surface pressure data created by Metcombine
RWC_COUNTY_TEMP (optional) ASCII County-specific minimum temperature for RWC equations (see Section 6.10.9, “RWC_COUNTY_TEMP: County-specific temperature threshold in Fahrenheit for Residential Wood Combustion (RWC) Emission Sources”)
SRGDESC ASCII Spatial surrogate description file produced by MCIP (see Section 6.4.1, “SRGDESC: Surrogate Designation, Description and Surrogate profile filename.”)
Surrogate File(s) ASCII Spatial surrogate file(s) selected by SRG_LIST
TREF_IN ASCII Temporal cross-reference input file (see Section 6.3.2, “[A|M|P]TREF: Temporal cross-reference file”)
3.3.4.3.2. Input Environment Variables
  • AVG_RAW_OUTPUT_YN: [default: N]

    Define whether Gentpro outputs average raw meteorology variables (e.g., temperature; wind speed; etc) or not

  • AERO_RESISTANCE_VAR: [default: blank]

    Define the aerodynamic resistance variable name for Bash's algorithm for livestock ammonia sources

  • CONSTANT: [default: 42.12]

    Define the value of constant of RWC equation

  • ENDDATE: [default: 0]

    Defines the last day of year (December 31st) for a proper temporal profile calculation. MCIP file must cover last hour of December 31st of all counties in modeling output time zone (i.e., GMT).

  • PREFIX_TPRO: [default: blank]

    Define the prefix name (up to 3 characters) for the temporal profiles generated by Gentpro

  • PROFILE_METHOD: [default: MET]

    Indicates which of the three temporal profile types

    • RWC: use the Adelman's regression equation to calculate temporal profiles for residential wood combustion (RWC) sources
    • BASH_NH3: use the Bash's algorithm to calculate temporal profiles for livestock ammonia sources
    • RC_NH3: use the Russell and Cass algorithm to calculate temporal hourly profiles for agricultural ammonia sources
    • MET: use the time series of the selected meteorology variable to calculate temporal profiles
  • RECREATIONAL_RWC_TPRO_YN: [default: N]

    Define whether Gentpro generates recreational RWC temporal profiles or not

  • LOW_RWC_TEMP_THRESHOLD: [default: 50.0]

    Define the lower-end ambient temperature threshold in Fahrenheit that can occur recreational RWC emissions from recreational wood burning; firepits, chimineas, and other recreational RWC emission sources

  • HIGH_RWC_TEMP_THRESHOLD: [default: 80.0]

    Define the higher-end ambient temperature threshold in Fahrenheit that can occur recreational RWC emissions from recreational wood burning; firepits, chimineas, and other recreational RWC emission sources

  • RWC_COUNTY_TEMP_YN: [default: N]

    Allows the user to determine county-specific minimum temperature for RWC estimate equations. It will override default minimum temperature [DEFAULT_TEMP_RWC] listed above.

    • Y: use the county-specific minimum temperature from RWC_COUNTY_TEMP input file.
    • N: do not use the county-specific minimum temperature for RWC equations.
  • RWC_EQ_ALT_YN: [default: Y]

    Allows the user to choose the alternative RWC equation listed above to avoid negative RWC emissions.

    • Y: use the alternative RWC equation to compute RWC emissions.
    • N: use the original RWC equations to compute RWC emissions.
  • SCC_LIST: [default: blank]

    Defines a comma-separated list of SCCs that will use the temporal profiles generated by Gentpro, example: setenv SCC_LIST "2104008000,2104008001,2104008002"

  • SLOPE: [default: 0.79]

    Define the value of the slope of RWC equation

  • SRG_LIST: [default: 0]

    Defines a comma-separated list of SCCs that will use the temporal profiles generated by Gentpro, example setenv SRG_LIST "340,100"

  • SRGDESC: [default: none]

    Directory path and name of the spatial surrogate file for computing averaged meteorology.

  • SRGPRO_PATH: [default: blank]

    Defines the location of spatial surrogate files

  • STDATE: [default: 0]

    Defines the first day of year (January 1st) for a proper temporal profile calculation. MCIP file must cover first hour of January 1st of all counties in modeling output time zone (i.e., GMT).

  • SUM_RAW_OUTPUT_YN: [default: N]

    Define whether Gentpro outputs total raw meteorology variables (e.g., temperature; wind speed; etc) or not

  • TEMP_VAR: [default: blank]

    Must define the name of variable for the all PROFILE_METHOD settings to use in the profile calculations. The program looks for the selected meteorology variables first in the METLIST file (set below) that contains a list of Metcombine program output files or MET files that contain targeted variables from the MET_CRO_3D or/and MET_CRO_2D files. If it doesn't find the variable(s) in either file, it stops with an error.

  • TPRO_OUTPUT: [default: ALL]

    Specifies the type of temporal profiles to produce

    • MONTHLY: generate month-of-year temporal profiles
    • DAILY: generate both month-of-year and day-of-month temporal profiles
    • HOURLY: generate hour-of-year, hour-of-month, and hour-of-day temporal profiles
      • Not applicable when PROF_METHOD = RWC
    • ALL: generate all possible profiles for the selected profile method
      • No hourly profiles will be generated when PROF_METHOD = RWC
  • TREF_IN: [default: blank]

    Defines an input temporal cross-reference file for supplying monthly, daily, weekly, and hourly profile IDs. The TREF_IN file will be scanned for the FIPS/SCC combinations of sources associated with profiles generated by Gentpro. If there are no entries in TREF for the specific FIPS/SCC combinations being simulated with Gentpro, the program will look for default cross-reference entries (FIPS=0, SCC=0).

    • If TPRO_OUTPUT = DAILY, month-of-year and day-of-month temporal profiles will be generated by Gentpro. Users need to provide diurnal (hourly) profiles will be needed to convert from daily to hourly emissions.
    • If TPRO_OUTPUT = MONTHLY, month-of-year profiles will be generated by Gentpro. Users need to provide weekly and diurnal profiles will be needed to estimate hourly emissions.
    • If PROFILE_METHOD = BASH_NH3 or RC_NH3, hour-of-year profiles will be generated by Gentpro to estimate hourly emissions using monthly inventory
    • If PROFILE_METHOD = MET and TPRO_OUTPUT = HOURLY[or ALL], hour-of-year, hour-of-month and hour-of-day temporal profiles will be output to netCDF TPRO_HOUR by Gentpro
  • USE_EXP_GEO_CODES: [default: N]

    If set to Y then use GEOCODE_LEVEL[1-4] files instead of the COSTCY file to define expanded geographical detail such as country-level(GEOCODE_LEVEL1), country/state-level (GEOCODE_LEVEL2), country/state/county-level (GEOCODE_LEVEL3) or country/state/county/tribal-level (GEOCODE_LEVEL4).

  • WSPEED_VAR: [default: blank]

    Defines the name of wind speed variable from MET files. It is only used when PROFILE_METHOD is set to "RC_NH3". example: setenv WSPEED_VAR "WSPD10"

3.3.4.3.3. Output Files
File Name Format Description
TPRO_MON ASCII Month-of-year temporal profiles
TPRO_DAY ASCII Day-of-month temporal profiles
TPRO_HOUR I/O API netCDF Hourly temporal profiles
TREF_OUT ASCII Temporal cross-references input file.
LOGFILE ASCII Log generated from executing Gentpro